Glossary

Vectors – Key Terms & Definitions

Essential vectors vocabulary for IGCSE Mathematics (0580). Each term includes a clear definition and example to help you understand and remember key concepts.

vector

Extended

Quantity with magnitude and direction

Example

Velocity is a vector

scalar

Core

Quantity with magnitude only

Example

Speed is a scalar

magnitude

Extended

Size or length of a vector

Example

$|\mathbf{v}| = \sqrt{x^2 + y^2}$

column vector

Core

Vector written as (x,y) column

Example

(3, -2)

position vector

Extended

Vector from origin to a point

Example

OA is position vector of A

resultant

Extended

Sum of two or more vectors

Example

a + b gives resultant

parallel vectors

Extended

Vectors in same or opposite direction

Example

a = kb means parallel

displacement

Core

Change in position as a vector

Example

From A to B = b - a

unit vector

Extended

Vector with magnitude 1

Example

Used for direction only

negative vector

Core

Vector in opposite direction

Example

-a reverses direction of a

midpoint vector

Extended

Average of two position vectors

Example

$M = \tfrac{1}{2}(\mathbf{a} + \mathbf{b})$

direction

Core

Way a vector points

Example

North-east, (1,1) direction

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Frequently Asked Questions

How many vectors terms do I need to know for IGCSE?

This glossary covers 12 key vectors terms. Focus on understanding definitions and being able to use each term in context during exams.

Are these terms for Core or Extended?

Terms are labelled as Core or Extended. Core students should focus on Core-labelled terms, while Extended students need to know all terms.

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