Transformations – Key Terms & Definitions
Essential transformations vocabulary for IGCSE Mathematics (0580). Each term includes a clear definition and example to help you understand and remember key concepts.
transformation
CoreChange in position, size or orientation
Example
Reflection, rotation, translation, enlargement
reflection
CoreMirror image across a line
Example
Reflected in y-axis
rotation
CoreTurning around a fixed point
Example
90° clockwise about origin
translation
CoreSliding without turning or resizing
Example
Moved by vector (3, -2)
enlargement
CoreScaling from a centre point
Example
Scale factor 2 from origin
scale factor
CoreRatio of image to original size
Example
SF=2 means twice as big
centre of rotation
CoreFixed point of rotation
Example
Rotate about (0,0)
line of reflection
CoreMirror line
Example
y = x or x = 2
column vector
CoreTranslation described as (x,y)
Example
(3,-2) means right 3 down 2
invariant point
ExtendedPoint unchanged by transformation
Example
Centre of rotation stays fixed
combined transformation
ExtendedTwo transformations applied in sequence
Example
Reflect then rotate
image
CoreResult after transformation
Example
A' is image of A
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How many transformations terms do I need to know for IGCSE?
This glossary covers 12 key transformations terms. Focus on understanding definitions and being able to use each term in context during exams.
Are these terms for Core or Extended?
Terms are labelled as Core or Extended. Core students should focus on Core-labelled terms, while Extended students need to know all terms.
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