Statistics & Probability – Key Terms & Definitions
Essential statistics & probability vocabulary for IGCSE Mathematics (0580). Each term includes a clear definition and example to help you understand and remember key concepts.
mean
CoreSum of values divided by count
Example
median
CoreMiddle value when ordered
Example
In 2,5,8 median is 5
mode
CoreMost frequent value
Example
In 3,3,5,7 mode is 3
range
CoreDifference between highest and lowest
Example
Range of 2,5,9 is 7
frequency
CoreHow many times a value occurs
Example
Score 5 appeared 8 times
cumulative frequency
CoreRunning total of frequencies
Example
Add each frequency to previous total
probability
CoreChance of event happening, 0 to 1
Example
P(heads) = 0.5
sample space
CoreAll possible outcomes
Example
Dice: {1,2,3,4,5,6}
tree diagram
CoreDiagram showing sequential probabilities
Example
Multiply along branches
histogram
ExtendedBar chart where area represents frequency
Example
Height = frequency density
frequency density
ExtendedFrequency divided by class width
Example
Used in histograms
pie chart
CoreCircle divided into sectors by proportion
Example
360° represents total
interquartile range
CoreQ3 minus Q1
Example
Middle 50% spread
quartile
CoreValues dividing data into quarters
Example
Q1, Q2 (median), Q3
correlation
CoreRelationship between two variables
Example
Positive, negative, or none
Need help understanding these concepts?
Teacher Rig explains them through worked examples.
Book a Free TrialFrequently Asked Questions
How many statistics & probability terms do I need to know for IGCSE?
This glossary covers 15 key statistics & probability terms. Focus on understanding definitions and being able to use each term in context during exams.
Are these terms for Core or Extended?
Terms are labelled as Core or Extended. Core students should focus on Core-labelled terms, while Extended students need to know all terms.
Need Help with IGCSE Maths Concepts?
Book a free trial class with Teacher Rig for personalised concept explanations.