Glossary

Coordinate Geometry – Key Terms & Definitions

Essential coordinate geometry vocabulary for IGCSE Mathematics (0580). Each term includes a clear definition and example to help you understand and remember key concepts.

gradient

Core

Steepness of a line, rise/run

Example

$m = \dfrac{y_2 - y_1}{x_2 - x_1}$

intercept

Core

Where line crosses an axis

Example

y-intercept is c in y=mx+c

midpoint

Core

Point halfway between two points

Example

$\left(\dfrac{x_1+x_2}{2},\, \dfrac{y_1+y_2}{2}\right)$

distance

Core

Length between two points

Example

$\sqrt{(\Delta x)^2 + (\Delta y)^2}$

parallel lines

Core

Lines with equal gradients

Example

y=2x+1 and y=2x-3

perpendicular lines

Extended

$\text{Lines with gradients multiplying to } {-1}$

Example

$m_1 \times m_2 = -1$

equation of line

Core

Algebraic rule for all points on line

Example

y = mx + c

origin

Core

Point (0,0)

Example

Where axes cross

axis

Core

Horizontal (x) or vertical (y) line

Example

x-axis and y-axis

coordinate

Core

Ordered pair (x,y) locating a point

Example

(3, -2) means x=3, y=-2

quadrant

Core

One of four regions of coordinate plane

Example

First quadrant: x>0 and y>0

tangent to curve

Extended

Line touching curve at one point

Example

$Gradient equals \dfrac{dy}{dx} at that point$

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Frequently Asked Questions

How many coordinate geometry terms do I need to know for IGCSE?

This glossary covers 12 key coordinate geometry terms. Focus on understanding definitions and being able to use each term in context during exams.

Are these terms for Core or Extended?

Terms are labelled as Core or Extended. Core students should focus on Core-labelled terms, while Extended students need to know all terms.

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